17,18 MGs are composed of small strips or slots printed or etched on the top layer of a dielectric substrate with a low profile, lightweight, and small losses characteristics, which allowed matched FM to radiate in the desired direction with a unitary efficiency. Younes Radi lve ingnieur en 5me anne l'INSA Toulouse en mathmatiques appliques Toulouse. In this context, he has made several scientific contributions on a broad range of topics in theoretical and applied electromagnetics and optics, including engineered RF/microwave materials, antennas and propagation, functional metasurfaces, plasmonics, and nanophotonics.
More recently, MGs are a subclass of electrically thin layer slabs to overcome the complex beam manipulation in inhomogeneous gradient metasurfaces that required more degrees of freedom, which have been introduced as an artificially subwavelength of periodic planar arrays to propagate a set of Floquet wave modes (FMs) by transferring surface waves to radiated waves that converted almost 100% for a single polarizable particle, 15, 16 low profile, and small losses characteristics allowed a few FMs matched to radiate in the desired direction. 1 The structure of metasurfaces is a class of artificial materials engineered different shapes thin layers located in or on a dielectric to provide electromagnetic propagation as reflected arrays or transmitted arrays towards the desired directions, 2,3 the visible or the infrared to achieve various optical functions, 4,5 artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflectors using perfect electric conductor (PEC) for achieving wideband performances, 6,7 and also as radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting for obtaining ultrawideband applications.
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